{"id":1945,"date":"2021-02-18T15:20:43","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T15:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/?p=1945"},"modified":"2021-02-18T15:20:43","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T15:20:43","slug":"coming-soon-the-vaccine-passport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/?p=1945","title":{"rendered":"Coming Soon: The \u2018Vaccine Passport\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Tariro Mzezewa<\/a><\/p>\n

In the near future, travel may require digital documentation showing that passengers have been vaccinated or tested for the coronavirus<\/i><\/b>\"vax_passport.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Among governments and those in the travel industry, a new term has entered the vocabulary: vaccine<\/a> passport.<\/p>\n

One of President Biden\u2019s executive orders aimed at curbing the pandemic<\/a> asks government agencies to \u201cassess the feasibility\u201d of linking coronavirus vaccine<\/a> certificates with other vaccination documents, and producing digital versions of them.<\/p>\n

Denmark\u2019s government said on Wednesday that in the next three to four months, it will roll out a digital passport that will allow citizens to show they have been vaccinated.<\/p>\n

It isn\u2019t just governments that are suggesting vaccine passports. In a few weeks, Etihad Airways and Emirates will start using a digital travel pass, developed by the International Air Transport Association, to help passengers manage their travel plans and provide airlines and governments documentation that they have been vaccinated or tested for Covid-19.<\/p>\n

The challenge right now is creating a document or app that is accepted around the world, that protects privacy and is accessible to people regardless of their wealth or access to smartphones.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s what we know about the current status of digital vaccine passports.<\/p>\n

What is a vaccine pass or passport?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A vaccination pass or passport is documentation proving that you have been vaccinated against Covid-19. Some versions will also allow people to show that they have tested negative for the virus, and therefore can more easily travel. The versions being worked on now by airlines, industry groups, nonprofits and technology companies will be something you can pull up on your mobile phone as an app or part of your digital wallet.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s about trying to digitize a process that happens now and make it into something that allows for more harmony and ease, making it easier for people to travel between countries without having to pull out different papers for different countries and different documents at different checkpoints,\u201d said Nick Careen, senior vice president for airport, passenger, cargo and security at I.A.T.A. Mr. Careen has been leading I.A.T.A.\u2019s travel pass initiative.<\/p>\n

I.A.T.A. is one of several organizations that have been working on digital solutions to streamline the travel credentialing process for years; during the pandemic, these groups have focused on including vaccination status. The idea is that if you have all the pertinent information on your phone, a significant amount of time will be saved.<\/p>\n

In addition to I.A.T.A., IBM has been developing its own Digital Health Pass<\/a> that would enable individuals to present proof of vaccination or a negative test to gain access to a public location, such as a sports stadium, airplane, university or workplace. The pass, built on IBM\u2019s blockchain technology, can utilize multiple data types, including temperature checks, virus exposure notifications, test results and vaccine status. The World Economic Forum and the Commons Project Foundation, a Swiss nonprofit group, have been testing a digital health passport called CommonPass<\/a>, which would allow travelers to access testing or vaccination information. The pass would generate a QR code that could be shown to authorities.<\/p>\n

Why would I need a vaccine pass or passport?<\/strong><\/p>\n

As more people are inoculated, there will likely be aspects of public life in which only people who have been vaccinated are allowed to participate. Take the upcoming Super Bowl LV in Tampa, Fla., where a significant portion of attendees will be vaccinated health care workers. (Mr. Careen of I.A.T.A. said that sporting organizations, concert venues and tourism agencies have all reached out for identification tech support.)<\/p>\n

In order to travel internationally, government and health authorities will need to know if you have been vaccinated or have tested negative for the virus. Many countries are already requiring proof of a negative test<\/a> for entry. Such passes could be essential to restarting the tourism industry, said Zurab Pololikashvili, secretary general of the United Nations World Tourism Organization.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne key element vital for the restart of tourism is consistency and harmonization of rules and protocols regarding international travel,\u201d he said in an email. \u201cEvidence of vaccination, for example, through the coordinated introduction of what may be called \u2018health passports\u2019 can offer this. They can also eliminate the need for quarantine on arrival, a policy which is also standing in the way of the return of international tourism.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dakota Gruener, executive director of ID2020, a global public-private partnership, said that there are three scenarios regarding digital credentialing for the coronavirus response. The first, which is largely off the table, is the creation of immunity certificates. These are documents that would show that people have developed some kind of immunity to the virus. The second scenario is being able to prove you\u2019ve tested negative for the virus; the third is being able to show that you have been vaccinated. The last two scenarios, experts agree, are the most important for getting the travel industry going again.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re seeing a lot of interest from airlines, airline industry groups, customs and border control agencies and travelers, all saying, \u2018how do I safely get on a plane or as a condition of entry into a country, get on a train, whatever the case may be, and prove that I have been tested or vaccinated?\u2019\u201d Ms. Gruener said.<\/p>\n

Ms. Gruener is one expert in a World Health Organization-sponsored group tasked with establishing global standards for digital vaccination certificates.<\/p>\n

For decades, people traveling to certain countries have had to prove that they have been vaccinated against yellow fever, rubella and other diseases. Often, those vaccinated received a signed and stamped \u201cyellow card.\u201d<\/p>\n

Has this been done before?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Having to prove you\u2019ve been vaccinated in order to participate in activities or enter certain countries is not a new concept. For decades, people traveling to some countries have had to prove that they have been vaccinated against diseases such as yellow fever, rubella and cholera. Often, after being vaccinated, travelers received a signed and stamped \u201cyellow card,\u201d known as an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention still urge people to take on relevant trips.<\/p>\n

\u201cEverybody who has traveled internationally to countries that require vaccination against malaria, diphtheria and other things has had yellow cards,\u201d said Brian Behlendorf, executive director of Linux Foundation Public Health<\/a>, a technology-focused organization helping public health authorities combat Covid-19 around the world. Its focus is helping projects, communities and companies build open-source technology. \u201cParents with kids in public school have had to prove their kids have been vaccinated. This is not something new.\u201d<\/p>\n

But a major difference between the yellow card of years past and what is being worked on now is the digital component, which comes with new concerns around privacy and accessibility. The Linux Foundation is working in partnership with the Covid-19 Credentials Initiative<\/a>, a collective of more than 300 people from five continents to help develop universal standards for vaccine credential apps that make them accessible and equitable. The foundation is also working with IBM and CommonPass.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs these things get rolled out, it\u2019s important for citizens to ask governments and airlines: How do we make this easy so I have one vaccination record to book a flight, hotel and so I can use that to do some other things,\u201d Mr. Behlendorf said. \u201cIt should work like email. If it doesn\u2019t, agitate for it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Do vaccine passports have to be digital?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaccine passports don\u2019t have to be digital, but they would make the travel process smoother.<\/p>\n

\u201cImagine a future where a plane lands in an airport and a hundred people have a travel pass, 100 have another health wallet, 50 have bits of paper and another 25 have some kind of government document,\u201d said Jamie Smith, senior director of business development at Evernym, a developer that has been working with I.A.T.A. and others on developing a vaccine pass. \u201cWhat does the airport do? How do they process all those people in a standard, simple way?\u201d<\/p>\n

The European Union\u2019s law enforcement agency said this week that sales of fake negative test results are becoming more widespread<\/a>, another reason the industry is trying to develop digital passes that are secure.<\/p>\n

What are the objections to vaccine passports?<\/strong><\/p>\n

In a world where more than a billion people aren\u2019t able to prove their identity because they lack passports, birth certificates, driver\u2019s licenses or national identification cards, digital documents that show vaccine status may heighten inequality and risk, leaving many people behind. That concern has been at the heart of Ms. Gruener\u2019s work.<\/p>\n

\u201cLong predating Covid, we were working on the intersection of digital credentials and immunization,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019ll be years before vaccines are universally available on a global level and thus widespread testing is going to continue and must continue alongside vaccination to enable a safe and equitable return to travel and other public activities.\u201d<\/p>\n

For those without smartphones, the industry says it will accept paper proof, but even that needs to be standardized.<\/p>\n

In addition, there are concerns about privacy and data sharing.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are ways this could be done right or done terribly wrong and the wrong ways could lead us to a techno dystopia,\u201d said Jenny Wanger, director of programs at the Linux Foundation, adding that it\u2019s important that the tech-building aspect of these apps be done in the open and doesn\u2019t end up in the control of any one government or company. The technology should be open source and accessible to technologists, no matter who they are or where they are, she and others said.<\/p>\n

What are the challenges to creating these digital passes?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Technologists and travel industry experts said that although it is possible to rush tech solutions that allow people to have one-use apps, creating long-lasting ethical technology or systems that will not store people\u2019s data, or make it possible to track where they are, takes time.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe global passport system took 50 years to develop,\u201d said Drummond Reed, chief trust officer for Evernym. \u201cEven when they wanted to add biometrics to that to make it stronger, that took over a decade to agree on just how you\u2019re going to add a fingerprint or a facial biometric to be verified on a passport. Now, in a very short period of time, we need to produce a digital credential that can be as universally recognized as a passport and it needs an even greater level of privacy because it\u2019s going to be digital.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Tariro Mzezewa In the near future, travel may require digital documentation showing that passengers have been vaccinated or tested for the coronavirus Among governments and those in the travel industry, a new term has entered the vocabulary: vaccine passport. One of President Biden\u2019s executive orders aimed at curbing the pandemic asks government agencies to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1946,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions\/1946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pbmv.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}